Git Cheat Sheet

by Web全栈工程师 on 2017 年 07 月 01 日

Git 常用命令速查

入门

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git init
 
or
 
git clone url

配置

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git config --global color.ui true
git config --global push.default current
git config --global core.editor vim
git config --global user.name "John Doe"
git config --global user.email foo@citrix.com
git config --global diff.tool meld 

使用本地分支

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# See the list of all local branches
git branch
 
# Switch to existing local branch
git checkout branchname
 
# Checkout current branch into a new branch, named new-branch-name
git checkout -b new-branch-name
 
# Merge branch-name into the current branch
git merge branchname
 
# Merge branch without fast forwarding. This is what pull requests do.
# It helps to preserve history of the changes as relavant to that branch
# It's an advanced feature, but try it out with GUI to see the difference
# between the regular merge and merge --no-ff
git merge --no-ff branchname
 
# Soft branch delete, will complain if the branch is not merged
git branch -d branchname
 
# Hard branch delete, will not complain about nothing. Like rm -rf in bash
git branch -D branchname   

修改本地当前分支

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# See all commits
git log
 
# Pretty commit view, you can customize it as much as you want.
# Just google it :)
git log --pretty=format:"%h %s" --graph
 
# See what you worked on in the past week
git log --author='Alex' --after={1.week.ago} --pretty=oneline --abbrev-commit
 
# See only changes made on this branch (assuming it was branched form master branch)
git log --no-merges master..
 
# See status of your current git branch.
# Often will have advice on command that you need to run
git status
 
# Short view of status. Helpful for seeing things at a glance
git status -s
 
# Add modified file to be commited(aka stage the file)
git add filename
 
# Add all modified files to be commited(aka stage all files)
git add .
 
# Add only text files, etc.
git add '*.txt'
 
# Tell git not to track file anymore
git rm filename
 
# Record changes to git. Default editor will open for a commit message.
# (Visible via git log)
# Once files are commited, they are history.
git commit
 
# A short hand for commiting files and writing a commit message via one command
git commit -m 'Some commit message'
 
# Changing the history :) If you want to change your previous commit,
# you can, if you haven't pushed it yet to a remote repo
# Simply make new changes, add them via git add, and run the following command.
# Past commit will be ammended.
git commit --amend 

高级用法

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# Unstage pending changes, the changes will still remain on file system
git reset
 
# Unstage pending changes, and reset files to pre-commit state. If
git reset --hard HEAD
 
# Go back to some time in history, on the current branch
git reset tag
git reset <commit-hash>
 
# Save current changes, without having to commit them to repo
git stash
 
# And later return those changes
git stash pop
 
# Return file to it's previous version, if it hasn’t been staged yet.
# Otherwise use git reset filename or git reset --hard filename
git checkout filename  
</commit-hash>

比较差异

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# See current changes, that have not been staged yet.
# Good thing to check before running git add
git diff
 
# See current changes, that have not been commited yet (including staged changes)
git diff HEAD
 
# Compare current branch to some other branch
git diff branch-name
 
# Same as diff, but opens changes via difftool that you have configured
# -d tells it to open it in a directory mode, instead of having to open
# each file one at a time.
git difftool -d
 
# See only changes made in the current branch (compared to master branch)
# Helpful when working on a stand alone branch for a while
git difftool -d master..
 
# See only the file names that has changed in current branch
git diff --no-commit-id --name-only --no-merges origin/master...
 
# Similar to above, but see statistics on what files have changed and how
git diff --stat #Your diff condition   

远程分支交互

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# See list of remote repos available. If you did git clone,
# you'll have at least one named "origin"
git remote
 
# Detailed view of remote repos, with their git urls
git remote -v
 
# Add a new remote. I.e. origin if it is not set
git remote add origin <https: some-git-remote-url="">
 
# Push current branch to remote branch (usually with the same name)
# called upstream branch
git push
 
# If a remote branch is not set up as an upstream, you can make it so
# The -u tells Git to remember the parameters
git push -u origin master
 
# Otherwise you can manually specify remote and branch to use every time
git push origin branchname
 
# Just like pushing, you can get the latest updates from remote.
# By defaul Git will try to pull from "origin" and upstream branch
git pull
 
# Or you can tell git to pull a specific branch
git pull origin branchname
 
# Git pull, is actually a short hand for two command.
# Telling git to first fetch changes from a remote branch
# And then to merge them into current branch
git fetch && git merge origin/remote-branch-name
 
# If you want to update history of remote branches, you can fetch and purge
git fetch -p
 
# To see the list of remote branches
# -a stands for all
git branch -a  
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Git Cheat Sheet 更新： https://gist.github.com/akras14/3d242d80af8388ebca60

原创文章，转载请注明：转载自Web开发笔记 | Git Cheat Sheet

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